Gravel Driveway Cost (2026): Complete Pricing by Size, Type & Installation
A gravel driveway costs $1 to $3 per square foot for professional installation, with most homeowners paying $1,500 to $2,000 total. The typical price range falls between $600 and $3,500 depending on driveway size, gravel type, depth, and how much site preparation your land needs. If you handle the labor yourself, material-only costs drop to $0.50–$1.50 per square foot. Gravel remains the most affordable driveway surface available — roughly one-third the price of asphalt and one-fifth the cost of concrete.
| Driveway Size | Typical Installed Cost |
|---|---|
| Single-car (200–300 sq ft) | $400–$900 |
| Two-car (400–600 sq ft) | $1,200–$2,400 |
| Large/Multi-car (1,000+ sq ft) | $3,000–$5,000+ |
| 100-foot long (1,000 sq ft) | $1,500–$3,000 |
| 1/4 mile (13,200 sq ft) | $20,000–$40,000 |
How Much Does a Gravel Driveway Cost in 2026?
The national average for a gravel driveway installation sits between $1,500 and $2,000 when you include both materials and labor. Most residential projects land somewhere in the $600 to $3,500 range, though long rural driveways can push past $10,000 or even reach $60,000 for quarter-mile stretches on difficult terrain.
Here is what the numbers look like broken down:
- Materials only: $0.40–$2.00 per square foot
- Installed (materials + labor): $1.00–$3.00 per square foot
- Premium installations (decorative stone + heavy site prep): $3.00–$5.00 per square foot
- National average total project: $1,500–$2,000
- Extreme low end: $300 (small patch, DIY)
- Extreme high end: $60,000+ (very long private roads)
Your final price comes down to four main things: how big your driveway is, what type of gravel you pick, how deep you want it, and whether your land needs grading or excavation before any stone goes down. To find the exact tonnage needed for your dimensions, use our free Gravel Driveway Calculator.
Get at least three contractor quotes before you commit. Prices can vary 30–50% between companies in the same area because of differences in equipment access, supplier relationships, and overhead costs.
Gravel Driveway Cost by Size
The size of your driveway is the single biggest factor that determines your total cost. More square footage means more tons of gravel, more delivery loads, and more labor hours.
Single-Car Driveway (200–300 sq ft)
A single-car gravel driveway is typically 10–12 feet wide and 20–30 feet long. This gives you 200 to 360 square feet of surface area.
- Installed cost: $400–$900
- Material needed: 3–5 tons at 4 inches of depth
- Best for: Homes with one vehicle, short distances from road to garage
At this size, your per-square-foot cost runs slightly higher because delivery fees and equipment setup are spread across a smaller area.
Two-Car Driveway (400–600 sq ft)
A standard two-car driveway measures 16–24 feet wide and 25–40 feet long, covering 400 to 600 square feet.
- Installed cost: $1,200–$2,400
- Material needed: 7–10 tons at 4 inches of depth
- National average for this size: Around $1,600
This is the most common residential driveway size. You start getting better value per square foot because fixed costs like delivery ($50–$150 per load) spread across more material.
Large or Multi-Car Driveway (1,000+ sq ft)
Large driveways exceeding 1,000 square feet are common on rural properties, homes with circular drives, or multi-vehicle households.
- Installed cost: $3,000–$5,000+
- Material needed: 15–25+ tons at 4–6 inches of depth
- Premium installations: Can reach $8,000 for decorative stone with extensive grading
The good news with large projects: your cost per square foot actually drops. Contractors give bulk pricing, and you are spreading delivery charges across much more surface area.
Cost by Specific Driveway Length
Many homeowners know their driveway length but are not sure what that means in dollars. Here is a quick reference based on a standard 10-foot width with 4-inch gravel depth:
| Driveway Length | Square Footage | Material Needed | Estimated Installed Cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 ft | 500 sq ft | 8–9 tons | $750–$1,500 |
| 100 ft | 1,000 sq ft | 13–16 tons | $1,500–$3,000 |
| 200 ft | 2,000 sq ft | 26–32 tons | $3,000–$6,000 |
| 500 ft | 5,000 sq ft | 65–80 tons | $7,500–$15,000 |
| 1,000 ft | 10,000 sq ft | 130–160 tons | $15,000–$30,000 |
| 1/4 mile (1,320 ft) | 13,200 sq ft | 170–210 tons | $20,000–$40,000 |
One ton of crushed stone covers approximately 60–80 square feet at a 4-inch depth. The exact coverage depends on stone density — angular crushed gravel is heavier than round pea gravel per cubic yard.
Gravel Driveway Cost Per Square Foot
If you want to estimate your own project quickly, the per-square-foot rate is the easiest number to work with.
| Cost Category | Price Per Square Foot |
|---|---|
| Materials only (DIY) | $0.50–$1.50 |
| Standard installation | $1.00–$3.00 |
| Premium installation | $3.00–$5.00 |
Driveway length (ft) × width (ft) × cost per square foot = estimated total
For example, a 12-foot-wide by 80-foot-long driveway is 960 square feet. At $2 per square foot installed, that comes to $1,920.
The materials-only rate ($0.50–$1.50 per sq ft) applies when you are buying the gravel yourself and handling all the spreading and compaction. The installed rate ($1–$3) includes professional labor, equipment, and basic grading. Premium rates ($3–$5) apply when you need significant excavation, choose expensive decorative stone, or have difficult terrain.
Gravel Driveway Cost by Gravel Type
The type of stone you choose has a direct impact on price, drainage, stability, and how your driveway looks. Not all gravel works equally well under car tires and weather.
| Gravel Type | Cost Per Ton | Cost Per Sq Ft (Installed) | Best Use | Stability Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crushed Limestone | $30–$40 | $1.00–$1.50 | Base and surface layers | Excellent |
| Crusher Run (ABC Stone) | $35–$50 | $1.25–$1.75 | Base layer | Excellent |
| Crushed Granite | $25–$50 | $1.25–$1.75 | All layers | Very Good |
| #57 Crushed Stone | $40–$55 | $1.50–$2.00 | Top layer and drainage | Good |
| Pea Gravel | $25–$50 | $1.50–$2.25 | Decorative surfaces | Poor |
| Decomposed Granite | $25–$50 | $1.00–$1.50 | Compact pathways | Good |
| Recycled Asphalt Millings | $15–$30 | $0.75–$1.25 | Budget driveways | Good |
| River Rock | $35–$70 | $2.00–$3.00 | Decorative borders | Poor |
| Blue Stone Gravel | $50–$100 | $2.00–$3.00 | Premium aesthetics | Moderate |
| Quartz Gravel | $70–$100 | $2.50–$3.50 | High-end decorative | Moderate |
| Jersey Yellow / Decorative | $60–$100 | $2.00–$3.50 | Curb appeal focus | Moderate |
Which Gravel Type Should You Choose?
For the best value and performance, use a layering strategy. Place cheaper crusher run or crushed limestone for your base layers, and save the more attractive (and expensive) stone for the visible surface layer only. This gives you a solid, well-draining driveway that looks great on top without paying premium prices throughout the entire depth.
Avoid pea gravel as your only material. While it looks nice and costs less per ton, its smooth, round shape means the stones do not lock together. Pea gravel shifts constantly under tires and requires much more frequent maintenance than angular crushed stone.
Recycled asphalt millings are the cheapest option at $15–$30 per ton. They actually harden over time as residual tar in the material re-binds when heated by the sun. However, they do not offer the same visual appeal as natural stone.
Crusher run (also called ABC stone) contains a mix of crushed stone and stone dust. The dust acts as a natural binder — when compacted and wetted, it creates a cement-like surface that resists shifting and rutting. This makes it the most cost-effective base material for driveways.
What Affects Your Gravel Driveway Cost
Several factors can push your final price higher or lower than the averages listed above. Understanding these variables helps you get a more accurate estimate for your specific property.
Gravel Depth and Layering
The deeper your driveway, the more material you need and the more you will spend. Most professionals recommend a minimum of 4 inches of total depth, though 6 inches provides better durability for regular vehicle traffic.
Each additional inch of depth adds roughly $0.30–$0.50 per square foot to your material cost.
A professional gravel driveway uses three compacted layers:
| Layer | Stone Size | Depth | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Base layer | #3 or #4 (1–2.5 inches diameter) | 2–3 inches | Structural support and drainage |
| Middle layer | #57 (0.75–1 inch) | 2 inches | Fills gaps, adds stability |
| Surface layer | #8 or #411 (fine crushed) | 1–2 inches | Smooth driving surface, aesthetics |
The depth trap: Many first-time buyers order enough gravel for just 2 inches, thinking it looks deep enough. But gravel compacts immediately under weight. What looked like 2 inches becomes barely 1 inch after a few weeks of driving on it. Always calculate for at least 4 inches of final compacted depth.
Site Preparation and Grading
If your land is not already flat and well-drained, you will need site preparation work before any gravel goes down. This is where costs can jump significantly.
| Preparation Work | Typical Cost |
|---|---|
| Grading and leveling | $100–$3,400 |
| Excavation | $500–$6,000 |
| Resloping | $400–$5,000 |
| Land clearing (trees, brush) | $1,270–$3,900 |
| Tree removal | $385–$1,070 per tree |
Soft clay soil or poorly drained ground adds $1–$2 per square foot because you need deeper excavation and possibly imported fill material. Steep slopes require additional drainage engineering and retaining solutions.
Delivery Fees
Gravel is heavy. A single tandem-axle truck carries 12–15 tons, and delivery is not free.
- Standard delivery (within 10–20 miles of quarry): $50–$150 per load
- Extended distance: Add $2–$5 per mile beyond the free delivery zone
- Full truckload (12–15 tons): $400–$900 including delivery
- Weekend or rush deliveries: Expect a premium surcharge
- Difficult access (narrow roads, tight turns): Add $25–$75 per delivery
Ordering enough material in a single delivery saves significant money compared to scheduling multiple smaller loads.
Geographic Location and Labor Rates
Where you live affects both material prices and labor costs.
- Professional labor rates: $30–$55 per hour depending on region
- High cost-of-living states (California, New York, Massachusetts, Hawaii): Expect 20–40% above national averages
- Low cost-of-living states (Mississippi, Oklahoma, Kansas, Alabama): Expect 15–25% below national averages
- Distance from nearest quarry: The farther you are from a gravel supplier, the more you pay in transportation costs
Existing Driveway Removal
If you have an old driveway that needs to come out first, budget for removal costs:
- Concrete removal: $2–$6 per square foot ($680–$2,850 total for a standard driveway)
- Asphalt removal: $1–$3 per square foot
- Clearing vegetation or stumps: $1.18–$2.00 per square foot
Order 10–15% more gravel than your raw calculations suggest. Compaction alone reduces volume by about 10%, and edge spillage accounts for another 3–5%. Running short mid-project means paying for a second delivery.
Additional Costs You Should Budget For
Beyond the gravel itself and basic installation, several additional expenses can catch homeowners off guard.
| Additional Cost Item | Typical Price Range |
|---|---|
| Drainage system installation | $2,000–$5,500 |
| Geotextile landscape fabric | $75–$150 |
| Edging or borders (metal/stone) | $3–$15 per linear foot |
| Geogrid stabilization (HDPE grid) | $1.50–$3.00 per square foot |
| Permits and taxes | $500–$2,000 (where required) |
| Weed barrier or prevention fabric | $50–$200 |
| Erosion control materials | $50–$150 |
Geotextile fabric sits between the soil and your base gravel layer. It prevents stone from slowly sinking into soft ground — the single most common reason gravel driveways fail within the first two years. For $75–$150, this fabric can save you hundreds in replacement gravel over the next decade.
Geogrid stabilization is a newer technology that uses interlocking HDPE plastic grids to lock gravel in place. It eliminates ruts and tire tracks, and can extend your driveway’s maintenance-free lifespan from 3–5 years to 20–40 years. The added cost of $1.50–$3.00 per square foot pays for itself quickly in reduced maintenance.
Drainage is essential if you live in an area with heavy rainfall. Without proper drainage, water pools on the surface, creates potholes, and washes gravel off the driveway edges. A simple crown (raising the center 1–2 inches higher than the edges) provides basic drainage at no extra material cost.
Permits are required in many municipalities, particularly where your driveway connects to a public road. Requirements vary by county and typically cover drainage, grading standards, and traffic safety. Always check with your local building department before starting work.
Installing geotextile landscape fabric between soil and base gravel costs $75–$150 for an average residential driveway but prevents the most common failure mode — gravel migrating into soft subsoil within 1–2 years, which would require a complete re-gravel costing $500–$1,500.
Professional Installation vs. DIY Gravel Driveway Cost
One of the biggest decisions you will make is whether to hire a contractor or tackle this project yourself. Here is how the numbers compare:
| Factor | Professional Installation | DIY Installation |
|---|---|---|
| Cost per square foot | $2–$5 (all-in) | $0.50–$2.00 (materials only) |
| Total for 100-ft driveway (1,000 sq ft) | $3,000–$5,000 | $1,500–$2,800 |
| Timeline | 1–2 days | 2–5 days (weekends) |
| Equipment | Included in price | Rental: $200–$500/day |
| Compaction quality | Professional-grade | Adequate with rental compactor |
| Typical DIY savings | — | $1,500–$3,000 |
Equipment Rental Costs for DIY
If you go the DIY route, you will need to rent heavy equipment unless you already own it.
| Equipment | Daily Rental Cost |
|---|---|
| Plate compactor | $80–$120 |
| Mini excavator | $250–$350 |
| Skid steer loader | $250–$400 |
| Truck rental (for hauling) | $100–$150 |
| Landscape rake | $40–$70 (purchase) |
| Hand tamper | $35–$80 (purchase) |
When to Hire a Professional
Consider hiring a contractor if any of these apply to your situation:
- Your driveway exceeds 1,000 square feet
- The land has significant slope or grading issues
- You have clay soil that needs excavation
- Drainage engineering is required
- You do not have access to compaction equipment
- The project involves removing an existing concrete or asphalt surface
DIY Installation Steps (Overview)
If you decide to do it yourself, here is the basic process:
- Remove any existing driveway surface and clear all debris
- Excavate topsoil to your desired depth (4–6 inches below the final grade you want)
- Grade and level the excavated area, creating a slight crown from center to edges
- Lay geotextile fabric over the prepared soil
- Spread and compact the base layer (2–3 inches of #3 or #4 stone)
- Spread and compact the middle layer (2 inches of #57 stone)
- Spread and rake the surface layer (1–2 inches of your chosen finish stone)
- Shape the final crown for water drainage — aim for about a 2% slope from center to edges
Consider a hybrid approach. Hire professionals for the excavation and grading (the hardest and most equipment-intensive part), then spread and compact the gravel yourself. This strategy saves $1,000–$2,000 while making sure the foundation work is done right.
Gravel Driveway vs. Asphalt vs. Concrete: Cost Comparison
If you are still deciding between driveway materials, this comparison shows where gravel stands against the alternatives.
| Factor | Gravel | Asphalt | Concrete | Pavers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Installed cost per sq ft | $1–$3 | $3–$7 | $6–$12 | $10–$25 |
| Average total (600 sq ft) | $1,500 | $3,500 | $5,500 | $10,000+ |
| Lifespan | Indefinite (with maintenance) | 15–20 years | 25–30 years | 25–50 years |
| Annual maintenance cost | $100–$300 | $100–$500 | Minimal | Minimal |
| Installation time | 1–2 days | 2–3 days | 3–5 days | 5–7 days |
| DIY-friendly | Yes | No | No | Moderate |
| Drainage | Excellent (permeable) | Poor | Poor | Good |
| Snow removal ease | Difficult | Easy | Easy | Moderate |
| 10-year total cost (600 sq ft) | $3,000–$4,500 | $4,500–$6,000 | $5,500–$6,500 | $10,000+ |
Gravel wins clearly on upfront cost, installation speed, and drainage. It is also the only driveway material that is truly DIY-friendly for most homeowners. Asphalt and concrete win on smoothness, snow plowing ease, and lower long-term maintenance needs.
Even when you factor in annual maintenance costs over a full decade, gravel still costs less than asphalt or concrete overall. However, if you plan to stay in your home 20+ years and dislike ongoing maintenance, the higher upfront investment in asphalt or concrete may make more financial sense for your situation.
A gravel driveway costs approximately one-third of what asphalt costs and one-fifth of what concrete costs per square foot installed. For a standard 600-square-foot two-car driveway, that translates to saving $2,000–$4,000 compared to asphalt and $4,000–$8,500 compared to concrete.
Gravel Driveway Repair and Resurfacing Costs
If you already have a gravel driveway that needs freshening up, repair and resurfacing costs are much lower than a full new installation.
| Maintenance Service | Typical Cost |
|---|---|
| Top-dressing (adding new surface gravel) | $0.25–$1.00 per sq ft |
| Full resurfacing (new top layer) | $0.75–$2.00 per sq ft |
| Pothole or rut repair (small area) | $50–$200 |
| Professional regrading | $100–$500 |
| Annual maintenance budget | $100–$300 per year |
Top-dressing means adding a thin layer of fresh gravel over the existing surface. Most driveways need this every 2–3 years, or whenever you notice the base layer starting to show through.
Regrading means redistributing the existing gravel to eliminate ruts, potholes, and uneven spots. You can do basic regrading yourself with a landscape rake, but professional regrading with equipment costs $100–$500 and produces more even results.
Monthly raking by the homeowner is the single best thing you can do to extend the life of your gravel driveway. Spending 15–20 minutes once a month prevents small ruts from becoming big problems and keeps the surface looking intentional rather than neglected.
A properly installed driveway with three compacted layers, geotextile fabric, and correct drainage will need roughly 50% less maintenance over its lifetime compared to a single-layer installation on bare soil.
Fix potholes and ruts as soon as you notice them. Small repairs cost $50–$200, but leaving them allows water to pool. Standing water accelerates deterioration across the entire driveway, turning a minor fix into a major resurfacing job.
Cost to Pave Over an Existing Gravel Driveway
Some homeowners eventually decide to upgrade from gravel to a paved surface. Here is what that transition costs:
| Conversion Type | Cost Per Sq Ft | Total for 600 Sq Ft |
|---|---|---|
| Asphalt over existing gravel | $5–$10 | $3,000–$6,000 |
| Concrete (requires gravel removal) | $8–$15 | $4,800–$9,000 |
| Tar and chip (chip seal) over gravel | $2–$5 | $1,200–$3,000 |
Asphalt can sometimes be laid directly over a well-compacted gravel base without removing the existing stone. This saves on demolition costs and uses your existing gravel as the sub-base.
Concrete almost always requires removing the gravel completely and building a new sub-base. Gravel removal adds $1–$3 per square foot to the project.
Tar and chip (also called chip seal) is the most affordable paved upgrade. It retains some of the rustic character of gravel while providing a more stable, low-maintenance surface. It works well over existing compacted gravel.
Gravel Parking Lot and Private Road Costs
For larger commercial or rural projects, here are typical price ranges:
| Project Type | Cost Estimate |
|---|---|
| Gravel parking lot (20 spaces, ~3,600 sq ft) | $5,400–$12,600 |
| Private gravel road (per linear foot, 12 ft wide) | $4–$12 per linear foot |
| 1/4 mile private road | $20,000–$40,000 |
| Farm or ranch access road (1,000 ft) | $5,000–$15,000 |
Parking lots require a heavier base layer (6–8 inches instead of 4–6) because they handle more concentrated traffic loads. Commercial projects may also require stormwater management plans and engineering permits that residential driveways do not.
Bulk material pricing drops significantly for commercial-scale orders. Quarries typically offer 10–15% discounts on orders exceeding 50 tons.
How to Calculate Your Gravel Driveway Cost
You can estimate your own project cost with this simple five-step formula.
- Calculate your total square footage: Length (feet) × Width (feet) = Square feet
- Calculate cubic feet of gravel needed: Square feet × Depth in feet = Cubic feet
(To convert inches to feet, divide by 12. So 4 inches = 0.333 feet) - Convert to cubic yards: Cubic feet ÷ 27 = Cubic yards
- Convert to tons: Cubic yards × 1.4 = Approximate tons
(Crushed gravel weighs roughly 2,800 pounds per cubic yard on average) - Calculate your total cost: (Tons × Price per ton) + Delivery + Labor + Site prep = Total project cost
Worked Example
Driveway dimensions: 12 feet wide × 80 feet long × 4 inches deep
- Square footage: 12 × 80 = 960 sq ft
- Cubic feet: 960 × 0.333 = 319.7 cu ft
- Cubic yards: 319.7 ÷ 27 = 11.8 cu yd
- Tons needed: 11.8 × 1.4 = 16.5 tons
- Material cost (crushed limestone at $40/ton): $660
- Delivery: $100
- Labor (spreading and compacting at $1/sq ft): $960
- Estimated total: $1,720
Always add 10–15% to your calculated tonnage before you order. Compaction reduces gravel volume by approximately 10%, and edge spillage around borders accounts for another 3–5%. Running short mid-project means paying for a second delivery.
Tips to Save Money on Your Gravel Driveway
- Buy gravel in bulk directly from a local quarry. Quarry-direct pricing runs 3–5 times cheaper per ton compared to bagged material from big-box hardware stores. A bag of pea gravel at a home center costs $4–$8 for 0.5 cubic feet. The same amount from a quarry in bulk costs pennies.
- Schedule your project in late fall or winter. Contractors are less busy between October and February. Many offer 10–20% discounts during slow months because they need to keep crews working.
- Use a layering strategy with different grades. Put cheaper crusher run ($35–$50/ton) on the bottom where nobody sees it. Save expensive decorative stone ($60–$100/ton) for only the visible top inch or two.
- Combine your order with neighbors. If your neighbor also needs gravel, splitting a full truckload (15–25 tons) between properties cuts delivery fees in half for each of you.
- Install geotextile fabric from day one. The $75–$150 upfront cost prevents hundreds of dollars in replacement gravel over the next 3–5 years by stopping stone from sinking into soft ground.
- Crown your driveway center. Raising the middle of your driveway 1–2 inches higher than the edges creates a natural slope that sheds water. This prevents erosion and pooling, reducing how often you need to add fresh material by 40–50%.
- Choose locally quarried stone. Materials sourced within 30 miles of your property eliminate long-haul delivery surcharges of $2–$5 per mile that add up fast on heavy loads.
Ask your quarry about “seconds” or off-spec material. Stone that does not meet color uniformity standards for commercial landscaping projects is structurally identical but costs 20–30% less. It works perfectly well under tires.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much does a 100-foot gravel driveway cost?
A 100-foot gravel driveway that is 10 feet wide (1,000 square feet) costs $1,500–$3,000 professionally installed or $750–$1,500 for materials only if you do the work yourself. You will need approximately 13–16 tons of gravel at 4 inches of depth. If your land requires significant grading or excavation, add $500–$2,000 to these figures.
How much gravel do I need for a 100-foot driveway?
For a 100-foot by 10-foot driveway at 4 inches deep, you need approximately 12.3 cubic yards or 16–17 tons of crushed stone. At 6 inches deep (better for heavy vehicles like trucks or SUVs), that increases to about 18.5 cubic yards or 24–25 tons. Always order 10–15% extra to account for compaction and edge loss.
Is a gravel driveway cheaper than concrete?
Yes. Gravel costs $1–$3 per square foot installed versus $6–$12 per square foot for concrete. For a standard 600-square-foot two-car driveway, gravel averages around $1,500 while concrete averages $5,500. However, concrete lasts 25–30 years with almost no maintenance, while gravel needs $100–$300 in annual upkeep for regrading and material replenishment.
How long does a gravel driveway last?
With proper installation and regular maintenance — regrading monthly and top-dressing every 2–3 years — a gravel driveway can last indefinitely, potentially 100+ years. The gravel itself does not degrade. Without any maintenance, expect noticeable deterioration (deep ruts, bare spots, weed growth) within 3–5 years. Adding a geogrid stabilization system extends the maintenance-free lifespan to 20–40 years.
What is the cheapest gravel for a driveway?
Recycled asphalt millings at $15–$30 per ton are the absolute cheapest option and actually harden over time as leftover tar re-binds. The cheapest natural stone is crushed limestone at $30–$40 per ton, which compacts into an excellent driving surface. Avoid using pea gravel alone for driveways — while affordable ($25–$50/ton), its round shape means constant shifting and much higher maintenance costs long-term.
How thick should a gravel driveway be?
A residential gravel driveway should be 4–6 inches deep minimum, installed in three separate compacted layers. For driveways handling heavy vehicles (pickup trucks, RVs, delivery trucks), increase total depth to 8–12 inches. Each layer must be compacted with a plate compactor before the next layer is added. Skipping compaction between layers is the number-one reason DIY gravel driveways fail prematurely.
Do I need a permit for a gravel driveway?
Requirements vary by municipality. Many local governments require permits where a new driveway connects to a public road. These typically cover drainage requirements, grading standards, and sight-line safety. Permit costs range from $500–$2,000. Routine maintenance does not typically require permits.